Optometry and Vision Science sets the citation standards for publication in their journal. You will be expected to conform to this standard when writing. It is better to consider writing style and citation format from the beginning of the writing process rather than attempt to change the style and format to match the requirements after everything is written.
Failure to give credit to the sources of quotations, information, and ideas can severely damage professional credibility. Even accidental plagiarism can have serious consequences. The best practice is to cite your work throughout the entire process of writing so nothing is overlooked or forgotten.
Ample resources are available to ensure success in your writing endeavors. Remember that your professor is an excellent resource for assistance with research and writing. The following reference guide has been developed and supplied by Dr. Janzen and can be downloaded and printed out for offline use.
Additional assistance can be obtained from your librarian at John Vaughan Library. Click on the link below to make an appointment.
Reference, or citation, managers can be useful tools for keeping track of your information resources when writing. This tutorial will teach you how to use the free reference manager, Zotero. Follow the directions below to download and use Zotero to track and manage your citations.
Remember, citation managers are not infallible. Always carefully double-check your citations for errors before submitting your paper for grading or publication. Use the resources provided in this Course Guide to help you.
To begin, download the Zotero app to your computer with the link below. Follow the prompts to install Zotero, then open the app to begin using it. You will need to sign in or create an account to use the app.
It is recommended that you create a separate collection in which to save your references for each individual project. Use the "new collection" button (symbol of a yellow file folder with a green circle and white plus sign) in the top left corner. Give your collection a relevant name to make it easier to locate later.
There are multiple ways to save items in Zotero. The most common include adding an item by its unique identifier (DOI for articles, ISBN for books) and/or adding an item manually. You can also use the Zotero browser extension; see the "Zotero Support" link at the bottom of this tutorial for more information about this method.
To add an item by its DOI or ISBN, click on the "magic wand" button at the top of the page, then type (or copy and paste) the number into the box. The item's metadata (information about the item, including title, author, and date) will be automatically added to your Zotero collection.
To add metadata manually, click on the green circle with the white plus sign at the top of the page and choose the type of item from the drop-down menu. Type (or copy and paste) the information about the item into the appropriate boxes under the "info" tab at the right of the page.
When you are ready, Zotero can create citations and a bibliography, or reference list, to add to your paper. Please note that not all citation styles are included in Zotero's basic list; however, you may add additional styles through a "Style Search" in the "Zotero Style Respository" using the following directions.
To add a new citation style to Zotero, click on "Edit" in the top left corner of the app, then select "Preferences" from the drop-down menu. In the pop-up box, select the "Cite" tab, then click on the blue "Get additional styles" link to go to the "Zotero Style Repository." In the "Title Search" box, type in the citation style you need. Choose the correct style from the results list to automatically add it to your Zotero Style Manager.
To create a citation, highlight your selected reference, or references, in the title list. Right click on the title and choose "Create Bibliography from Selected Item(s)." Select your preferred citation style, choose "citations" as your output mode, and decide on the output method you would like to use (note that "copy to clipboard" will allow you to paste directly into your document).
To create a bibliography or reference list, follow the steps for creating citations and choose "Bibliography" as your output mode.
This tutorial only covers the basic functions of Zotero; many more options for customization and use are available. For more detailed instructions, click on the link below.
When using the work of other people, always remember to
Avoid accidental plagiarism through proper citation methods.
Use the following GALILEO guides to understand more about citing sources:
Check out these useful sites for additional information:
